Home of Mercy free essay sample

Home of Mercy Home of Mercy is a piece composed by Gwen Harwood during present day time Australia. It portrays the way of life of a chosen few gathering of â€Å"ruined girls†, who have been impregnated and banished to live with the nuns over the span of their pregnancy, in anticipation of absolution. It manages the going up against issue of the misfortune energetic blamelessness; is an off-base choice made in your high school years extremely enough to have the remainder of your public activity pulverized? Gwen Harwood’s sonnet raises the issue of high school pregnancy. Pregnancy in adolescents was something that disgraced a whole family. With not many alternatives, the young ladies had to live with the Catholic nuns with the expectation that god will show benevolence upon them. The content was unmistakably composed with an away from of the sentiments of the ousted ladies and the conspicuous concealment experienced by these young ladies. Somewhat, â€Å"Home of Mercy† loses a portion of its capacity in an advanced setting on account of high school pregnancies turning out to be increasingly acknowledged. We will compose a custom paper test on Home of Mercy or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I think Gwen Harwood kept in touch with her sonnet to diagram the issue of impromptu pregnancy, yet for the â€Å"onlooker† to have an alternate recognition on this theme. The vast majority would take a gander at them as â€Å"the demolished girls†, yet I think Harwood is attempting to cause the peruser to feel empathy and compassion toward these undervalued young ladies. She suggests that they live exceptionally cruel lives, and addresses the thought that they aren’t develop truly (or intellectually) when she alludes to them as having â€Å"ripening bodies. As I would like to think, Gwen is unmitigatedly telling the peruser that they should see the two sides of this contention and not to form a hasty opinion about them. The state of mind of â€Å"Home of Mercy† is one of its principal devices in influence. It contains an exceptionally compelling feeling of concealment and control, with a solid impact of an inert and discouraging hint. A principle feeling is the severe and mighty routine upheld by the Catholic Church. The initial sentence â€Å"By two and two † as of now proposes that they are remaining in controlled lines. The following line â€Å"at the flawless edge of the religious community grass† re-instates the sharp, tense lines emblematically speaking to their sharp, tense lives. The young ladies are appeared as being eventually ruled; â€Å"They kneel†, â€Å"their terrible weekday thoroughness. †, â€Å"they will launder†. They have no state: â€Å"an old religious woman who quiets their talking†, and are compelled to do precisely what the nuns let them know or face long lasting isolation. â€Å"Home of Mercy† is organized like a regular Petrarchan poem (abba rhyming plan), with a couple of minor blemishes in the stream (line 1 and 4 have 11 syllables, and line 6 has 12). An abnormal part of the sonnet is the utilization of language. The sonnet is about a gathering of young ladies being dealt with like the filth of the Earth, yet there aren’t numerous brutal or contemptuous words by any stretch of the imagination. The vast majority of the importance is gotten through representative references and similitudes. The most disdainful words are sin and brutish, which are just utilized close to the furthest limit of the sonnet for impact. Visual symbolism is likewise solid in Harwood’s sonnet. The initial line â€Å"By two and two† as of now gives the peruser the feeling that the young ladies are under severe control. heavenly attendants will wrestle them with brutish vigour† is figuratively saying that even the sacrosanct blessed messengers won’t be close by; that everybody is against them. â€Å"Home of Mercy† has predictable rhyming, with 10 syllables for every line in most. A genuine case of Gwen utilizing sounds to offer impact to the sonnet is â€Å"They smooth with roughened hands†, the delicate hints of â€Å"smooth† conversely of the brutal hints of â€Å"roughened† have just about an onomatopoeic impact. Additionally, the line â€Å"faces of devilish kids in distress† contains sibilance of the â€Å"s† sound. â€Å"Home of Mercy†

An Online Degree is Beneficial in Non-Traditional Circumstances Essay Example

An Online Degree is Beneficial in Non An Online Degree is Beneficial in Non-Traditional Circumstances Essay An Online Degree is Beneficial in Non-Traditional Circumstances Essay There are relatively few things for which we don't utilize our PCs in present day times. The Internet has become our steady and most confided in friend, permitting us to logon and get any data that we need in a matter of minutes. What's more, if data was insufficient, we likewise can get all items online also †where we look for what they need from the solace of our homes. The accommodation of the Internet has additionally reached out into the universe of work where we can logon and be viable and fruitful representatives without the day by day drive. For understudies, the Internet has even opened up an entirely different world as far as open doors for winning degrees. The online degree has gotten one of the most famous interests in present day times, as it permits the individuals who might be in non-customary circumstances to get their instructive due without the time and calculated limitations forced by conventional school classes. An online degree program is regularly the augmentation of an advanced education program offered by respectable schools and colleges that perceive the need to extend their administrations on the web in the event that they plan to contend. This, obviously, benefits understudies also particularly those understudies who wish to acquire a degree however are not in a situation to venture out to and from grounds. An online degree program is ideal for understudies that: *Are previously working an all day work and don't have the opportunity to make the drive to classes. An online degree program will permit them to finish the coursework and do the perusing now and again that are generally advantageous for them †regardless of whether it’s the center of the night. *Have small kids. With little youngsters in the home it is frequently hard to make the time †and have the childcare assets accessible †to spend on a school grounds going to classes. An online degree program makes training conceivable. *Are a long way from their school of decision. Miles not, at this point matter since online degree programs are accessible. By signing on to â€Å"attend† their classes, understudies find that an instruction from their preferred school is just to the extent their PC.

Environmental issues in Asia Free Essays

Creating nations face extreme natural issues as the quick financial and populace development had made genuine social and ecological issues which whenever left unattended can realize intense outcomes. A portion of these consuming natural issues looked by these Asian districts are the deforestation, a worldwide temperature alteration, air and water contamination, constrained safe drinking water and so on separated from this control of the characteristic assets and utilizing undesirable available resources for formative intentions is gradually annihilating the assets of these countries which are of genuine concern and needs prompt strides by the legislature and non administrative associations to shield and salvage them from elimination. We will compose a custom article test on Ecological issues in Asia or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Two fundamental issues that I wish to talk about in this examination paper is air contamination and the expanding shortfall in drinking water flexibly which is an extraordinary danger to the countries by and large monetary turn of events. India is a quick creating nation and its development in the IT and mechanical segment throughout the years is rich. With the per capita salary expanding with the abrupt blast in modern and mechanical areas buying power has expanded. Simple EMI and retail alternative empower nearly anybody to get a vehicle and as the outcome traffic clog, air contamination and clamor contamination and so on have expanded subsequently imperiling the entire climate and clearing approach to an Earth-wide temperature boost. Water is the remedy of life we as a whole know yet in spite of the fact that the world is third loaded up with water drinking water is accessible in restricted amount. India to a great extent relies upon rainstorm downpours for it farming and underground drinking water assets. Because of natural issues like a dangerous atmospheric devation, air contamination, mechanical squanders, utilization of manures and so on bring about less precipitation. Also the little precipitation got is squandered as it arrives at the sea with no legitimate protection techniques. The current dams and water repositories are kept up ineffectively and henceforth little water gathered because of regular downpours are squandered. Consequently a crisis intend to protect this asset is essential and steps to limit air contamination ought to likewise be attempted. Land use in India: Territory of the nation: 3287260sq.kms Cultivable region: 1839560sq.kms Developed land region: 1697000sq.kms Populace: Complete populace 1038056000 Rustic: 71%â â â urban †29% (www.indiastat.com) Water assets: Inner sustainable water: 1260540 million cubic meters Complete sustainable water 1907760 million cubic meters Water use: All out withdrawal: 500000 million cubic meters Farming: 92% Residential: 5% Modern: 3% Water system: Water system potential: 1135120 sq. kms Land under water system: 501010 sq. kms Surface water system: 493300 sq. kms Zone flooded with surface water 40.5% Zone flooded with ground water 53% ( investigate paper on review of Indian assets †2005) The above realities unmistakably express the natural state of this extraordinary country. The requirement for ground water for water system alone is practically 53% and this ground water level is lessening today because of absence of downpours and ill-advised water system techniques. The surface water again is turning out to be contaminated on account of unhygienic and inappropriate upkeep and safeguarding strategies. Further utilization of synthetics and pesticides for industry and agribusiness has profoundly contaminated both surface and ground water. At the point when agribusiness utilizes profoundly poisonous pesticides it pulverizes the dirt as well as the water underneath. A portion of the purposes behind water shortage in India are rising interest for water as populace increments over extraction of surface and ground level water delay in consummation of formative undertakings because of absence of assets and political weight or instable governments tainting of water assets because of the expanded human effect globalization and mechanical advancement dirtying air advertisement water consequently modifying urban atmosphere And so on. There is an enormous interest for water in the years to come particularly remembering the populace the interest is by all accounts a bad dream. In practically all pieces of India water insufficiencies show an expanding pattern and the excess show a diminishing pattern Four states and one association territoryâ have no overflow water The accessibility of water will diminish one fifth in three decades Government job to check further water deficiency: Every once in a while government has a significant impact in actualizing measures to check this water shortage. Improvement ventures like structure dams, repositories, cleaning tanks and expanding attention to store and use drinking water reasonably is being embraced. State and focal governments consolidate and utilize the dispensed assets to execute such undertakings. In any case, political weight, temperamental government and absence of assets make a void in these activities which is either dropped or not set up as a regular occurrence entirely. Also pay off in all fields checks the development and improvement of these ventures. Albeit numerous NGO’S and non administrative associations and business foundations attempt to support these activities the assets are profoundly abused or misused by defective legislators. Adjusted development in both farming and industry is required for a nations in general execution and improvement. Be that as it may, industry is creating in India in a quicker pace and it would seem that agribusiness is ignored. Plans to check air contamination are required urgently as it influences the downpour and by and large climatic state of the country. More plants ought to be planted and timberlands ought to be preserved and all measures to spare downpour water attempted. Downpour water gathering was genuinely executed in certain states and the outcome is yet to be seen. The streets and the framework is poor and even the smallest downpour causes streak floods. Appropriate waste and town arranging is absent in urban communities like Mumbai and Chennai. Extraordinary attention to the consequences of such carelessness ought to be spread around and individuals ought to be instructed with respect to the effects of a worldwide temperature alteration and air contamination. People should take this crucial their hands to guarantee security for group of people yet to come. Each effective business concern ought to receive one region or town to actualize improvement ventures like planting trees, cleaning drinking water repositories and dam’s and so forth people as far as it matters for them ought to keep up cleanliness and forestall wastage of water. Governments should check the vehicles advancement by making exacting laws against simple accessibility of driving permit and fine or discipline if driving unchecked vehicles against air and clamor contamination. Ventures ought to be made to arrange their synthetic compounds and smoke securely so as not to contaminate the air and water. Severe laws and crossing out of their modern permit ought to be established. On the off chance that everybody could utilize water reasonably and abstain from contaminating substances India would turn into a super influence wealthy in characteristic assets and cleanliness. Momentary down to earth arrangements: Keeping the environmental factors clean and keeping up a social duty to save and save our regular assets is each individual’s up and coming obligation Making social attention to this consuming issue among the overall population by leading classes, understudy programs and through amusement to instruct even the uneducated and down trodden To keep water bodies clean and check for contamination from close by processing plants and enterprises Appropriate reuse of modern squanders Resolute usage of government advancement plans Severe execution of hostile to contamination laws Expanding offices in broad daylight transport and reducing the utilization of private vehicle offices Planting more trees Long haul viable arrangements: general framework of the urban areas and towns ought to be appropriately arranged and actualized remembering the drawn out advantage severe adherence to home grown petroleum and empowering gas or contamination free fuel ordinary contamination control checks in vehicles and production lines severe laws against broken organizations which discharge modern waste into water bodies building tanks, dams and repositories to spare the overabundance downpour water from arriving at the ocean soil advancement and restricting synthetic pesticides in horticulture natural cultivating ought to be empowered and advanced reserves must be saved for formative undertakings mindfulness for the requirement for assets ought to be made among NRI and all means to use these assets appropriately ought to be embraced social associations, business foundations and people ought to be urged to embrace or receive certain social obligations to limit government pressure Singapore is the world’s second free economy and second most serious Asian economy. It is the best associated nations with a strong framework to suit one more century or something like that. Comprehensively associated, top positioning business condition, with stable framework and differing world class business arrangements has made Singapore the top positioned and most favored business ground. Unhindered commerce will empower individuals from everywhere throughout the world to crowd Singapore however how can it keep up its assets against the developing interest, how is it workable for this little country to keep its lanes and water bodies clean and vehicles free from contaminating the air. With a complete land region of just 699.0 sq. km along with the territory and other little islands encompassing it has a yearly precipitation of around 2,136 mm. the inhabitant populace is 4,483,900 and for the most part comprise of migrants from neighboring Asian nations like china and India. The education rate over 15 years is 95% and the per capita GDP is S$ 44,666. Work power in this nation is 2,367,300 and the joblessness rate is simply 3.4%. ( http://www.sedb.com/edb/sg/en_uk/record/why_singapore/singapore_rankings.html ) The nation blend report on urban air quality administration directed in 2006 plainly expresses the measures taken by Singapore to forestall or confine air contamination. The surrounding AQ I

Organizational communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hierarchical correspondence - Essay Example Talking is an expertise which is a physical capacity of each individual. Anyway carrying out that responsibility in a compelling way is named as â€Å"communication†. Correspondence is about sharing one’s thoughts, sentiments, data and feelings.The work of supervisors in enormous associations is critical thinking and dynamic. This is a basic activity as it controls the course of the general public alongside the monetary and administrative associations. It is a two way movement which requires a sender and a beneficiary. Any demonstration by which one individual provides for or gets from someone else, data about that individual's needs wants, observations, information, or emotional states. Correspondence might be deliberate or accidental, may include regular or unpredictable signs, may take phonetic or nonlinguistic structures, and may happen through spoken or different modes. (National Joint Committee for the Communicative Needs of Persons with Severe Disabilities, 1992, p. 2) crafted by supervisors in huge associations is critical thinking and dynamic. This is a basic activity as it guides the course of the general public alongside the monetary and legislative ass ociations. The activity incorporates recognizing the issue which require consideration, defining objectives for it, planning a legitimate game-plan, and assessing and picking among numerous elective activities. ... Choice emotionally supportive network is a modernized framework utilized for supporting instead of mechanizing choices. A choice is in a perfect world picking between choices which have an gauge esteem. Supporting a choice methods helping individuals working alone or in a gathering accumulate knowledge, create choices and settle on decisions. Dynamic is material to varying backgrounds, including choices about what to purchase, whom to decide in favor of, or then again what occupation to take. The dynamic procedure begins with the assortment of data proceeding onward to derivation and judgment before at last picking the correct other option. So as to comprehend the association altogether, understanding authoritative correspondence is significant. Authoritative correspondence, comprehensively, is: individuals cooperating to accomplish individual or aggregate objectives. Katherine Miller, p.1 The motivation behind correspondence may extend from finishing an undertaking or mission to making also, keeping up fulfilling human connections. The word move implies much more than the basic procedure of the origination of a thought by the sender and translation of the same by the beneficiary. It worries upon the brain of the sender which made the significance followed by the amusement of it by the recipient. The plan of the correspondence fizzles if the understanding of the senders mind isn't right. Authoritative correspondence can include: Stream of Communication, Induction, Channels, gatherings and meetings. Most as of late, Organizational correspondence has progressed from a phase of correspondence between a sender and a beneficiary to an investigation of manners by which correspondence isn't only the way to achieve certain errands inside the hierarchical settings yet in addition how the association we work for, influences

21 The Movie Night

21 The Movie Night Before we get to scenes from the MIT Class of 2012 Movie Night, Ill share a few of my thoughts and observations after having seen 21 this weekend (now the #1 movie in the country): Lots of folks have been interested in 4-145, the Blackjack Team practice room. For example, Chris wrote, 4-145, the blackjack team room, should be one of the first-floor rooms of Building 4 here at MIT. Although the movie producers got the numbering system right, the numbers of the rooms arent stuck on the lower right of the glass panels of the rooms (especially not in Building 4 theyre affixed to a placard next to the door). Also, we have a lot of recitations in Building 4, and the classrooms are definitely not laid out anything like that classroom in the movie. I actually thought the movie 4-145 was closer to the real thing than most of the rooms in the movie (I thought Bens dorm room was much more soulless than any dorm room Ive seen at MIT). But see for yourself. Below is the movie 4-145, then the real 4-145: Anyway, see the room for yourself when you visit MIT. Its not hard to find. I liked seeing Jeff Ma 94 (the real Ben Campbell) get more than a passing shot of screen time as Jeffrey, the blackjack dealer: In the movie, Bens major is pre-med. Of course, theres no pre-med major students interested in medicine major in lots of different departments. Giving MIT characters fake majors is nothing new, though: take, for example, 2003s The Recruit, where Colin Farrells CIA trainee character, James Clayton, majored in non-linear cryptography. The 2.09 competition? Well, as others have already noted, there is no class called 2.09 at MIT. The closest in number would probably be the awesome course 2.009: Product Engineering Processes. 2.009, like 2.09, is a team-based competition, but team size is 15-18 students rather than 2 for 2.09. Near to 2.009 is 2.007: Design Manufacturing I, MITs famous robotics competition course (and the class that FIRST Robotics was based on). Unlike 2.09, though, 2.007 is an individual competition, and theres no judging only robot battle to determine the winner. Both 2.009 and 2.007, like 2.09, are pretty big deals on campus, and have significant corporate sponsorship. The fictional 2.09 is sponsored by the MIT alum-founded company iRobot. Their CEO, Colin Angle 89 SM 91, makes a cameo in the movie (I believe as the 2.09 judge, but Im not sure). Zach 10, though, notes in the comments of Chris entry that the course could be 2.12: Introduction to Robotics: Great post! my one comment is directed toward clarifying the course 2 part of the movie :). the 2.09 competition would be most analogous to 2.12, Introduction to Robotics. 2.007 is indeed a robot competition, BUT: 1) its an individual event 2) the robots are remote controlled, not programmed and 3) the materials and task are very limited. The robots in the movie seem too complicated, plus they all do their own thing, to be 2.007 bots. however, 2.12 is a team based competition, and the robots are programmed to be autonomous (although I think that course 2 and course 6 students team up and the 2s build while the 6ers program) Probably, were all just over-analyzing this its just a movie, after all. Okay, on to movie night 21: Bay Area Back row: Jackie Chan, Peter15, Alejandro12, Mike12, Drew12, Michael Front row: Yuanyu12, Tiffany11, Stephen11, Rachel12, Sareena12, Katherine12, Linda12, Steffi Rachel 12 writes, Sorry, a few non-prefrosh sneaked into the picture. Hopefully we have enough real ones to make up for it. The Bay Area is pretty conducive to finding MIT people =) It might be noteworthy that 10 people in our group are FIRST Roboticsers, and I think 5 are/have been team captains (including the guy taking the picture, but he goes to Harvard). Coincidence? The movie was pretty fun, although a lot of scenes went like this: 21: [math joke/commentary about MIT students not having lives] Us: [collective groan] Also, during the abrupt, exposition-free sex scene: Oh my god, where did the plot just go? I lost it!' 21: Boston Lauren 12, Xiaoli 12, Kimberly 12, Kevin, Allison 12, Mario 12 21: Seattle Calvin 12, Darien (younger sister 12), Matthew Says Calvin, We attempt to spell MIT with three people, but as you can see, it didnt go very well. I guess our human positioning skills were a bit lacking. We had a great time, and I loved the opening panoramic shot of Boston along Harvard Bridge. I tried to spot some of the Smoots, but I think I ended up missing them. 21: Chicago Emily 12, Evelyn 12, Stephanie 12 Emily writes, At the movies. We didnt have our MIT gear, but we spelled out MIT with our fingers and brought the book. 21: San Antonio Kayla 12, Beatriz 12 Says Kayla, Two MIT 12s in MIT gear. :D (no book though, sorry!~) 21: Kalamazoo Omar 12 21: Houston Ahmed 12 Ahmed writes, I thought the movie was alright. The cheesy and cliche dialogue kind of killed it. 21: New York City Akara 12, Evá 12, Lesley 12, Becky 12 Becky writes, Lol, we forgot to take our picture when we were at the theatre, and the nearest bookstore didnt have the book. Oh, well. 21: Howard County, Maryland Phil 12, Danny 12, Jennifer 12, Samantha 12 Kayla 12 of San Antonio (above) says of this photo, ah i think you guys get the most bonus points! despite the one guy not wearing MIT gear. unless i cant read that? haha whatev, props. :) 21: Atlanta Heidi 12, Marcel 12 Not only did they see the movie, Marcel also wowed everyone with a card trick: 21: East Bay Ivy 12, Celena 12 21: Florida Keys Friend and Fausto 12 Fausto writes, Me and a friend (non-prefrosh sorry, I needed someone to hold the poster up) going to see 21. No book but I brought MIT stuff! 21: Cleveland Matt 12, Alison 12, Steven 12, Beneah 12 After the blog entry was posted, Steven 12 wrote, Nooooo!! I just came back from seeing 21, WITH 3 MIT PREFROSH!! AND TOOK PICTURES! (and even put them on the MIT Class of 2012 website SO if you wanted to put a picture up it would be really cool and I would love you forever) (and ever) (andevveerrrr)

After the Great Crash came the Great Depression - 1925 Words

After the Great Crash came the Great Depression (Research Paper Sample) Content: After the Great Crash came the Great Depression. And, among the problems involved in assessing the causes of the depression none is more intractable than the responsibility to be assigned to the stock market crashBy NameA paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the award of the degree ofin the faculty of at.Research Supervisor... Date......................................................................Introduction In early 1930s, America was actually a sheer shell of its past, prosperous self. In essence, the nation was in a period of economic resurgence during early 1920s. The general public exposed high spirits of work and for that reason; everyone was overwhelmed by the economic permanence in the country (Farrell 1996). In this case, jobs were abundant, banks were lending loans willingly, and the stock market was considerably stable. However as the saying goes, what goes up always comes down, the economic eminence of the invincible country never lasted for long . Unfortunately, the most powerful economy of the time was suddenly brought down during the late 1920s through 1930s. After years of intense research, it is now adequately established that the sudden boom and bust that took stage during the Great Depression in early 1930s, was as a result of certain ruinously mismanaged monetary policies in the U.S. In other words, the economic down drift experienced during that time was mainly because of unexpected crash of the entire stock market. Strangely enough, the government lagged behind in erecting interventions to curb the impending fiscal discrepancy. This finally led to bank and business failures in the whole nation. It is upon this rationale that this literature seeks to analyze and evaluate the responsibility of the Stock Market Crash in the Great Depression of the 1930s. Stock Market Crash Galbraith (2009) asserts that, among the problems involved in assessing the causes of the depression none is more intractable than the responsibil ity to be assigned to the stock market crash (p.171). It is lucid to point out that, throughout the whole 1920s period the overall mood in the U.S was filled with excitement and enthusiasm due to excellent economic strides taken by the nation. Individuals were buying in excess, and there was an exceptional and renewed trust in huge businesses. Most importantly, the availability of the Credit in the stock market allowed individuals to make huge purchases even when they had no money. At times people could pay some little amount as initial buying price, after which they would pay back the rest of the amount using gains made from the new goldmine in the stock market. As a result of this innovative system, individuals began to make huge purchases in the stock market. However, this made prices of stocks to keep increasing significantly, and therefore people could become wealthy overnight just by purchasing and selling stocks. This mere divine cycle in the stock market did not last perma nently as in October 1929, the Great Depression emerged which nearly brought the entire American economy into looming extinction. By and large, buyers in the stock market had been used to constantly increasing prices of stocks, and when stock prices took a sudden deviation, most individuals freaked out. Most weirdly, this resulted to a barmy rush by people to sell most of the stocks they owned. Consequently, stock prices started to plummet day by day and as a result, people who had purchased exclusive stocks on credit with an aim of paying back their debt using gains made from selling the same stocks, got involved in huge heaps of debts. Unfortunately, there was no other way of these individuals getting out of the debt they had made initially in the stock market. In actual fact, nearly all individuals who lost money during the crash never came back to the financial level they were prior to the crash. Regrettably, the crash turned billionaires and multi-millionaires in the stock mar ket into deprived citizens in just a single day. In general, the crash can be regarded as both the end of the incredibly thriving 1920s and the ultimate start of the worst economic depression in the history of United States of America. Even though the stock market is entirely blamed for the great depression, it is paramount to note that, the entire depression could not be avoided. It was actually not inevitable for a number of reasons. Nonetheless, the drift is mainly attributed to inappropriate policies by the government of the day as discussed in subsequent sections below. Monetary Policy Loose monetary policy enacted in America for a long period of time, alongside the UK within a shorter period of time resulted to a major financial bubble. It created low interest rates that finally aggregated the monetary systems to expand exceptionally. Similarly, there was a boom of asset price, low savings, and escalated consumption alongside investment in the stock market. Accordingly, this led to misallocation of resources and asset prices began to rise thus resulting to an increase in the value of collateral with regard to secured loans. This phenomenon highly encouraged more lending as well as higher leverage, whilst decreasing the perceptible risk faced by both borrowers and lenders. Here, consumer price inflation stayed subdued as relative prices of tradable products fell (Krugman 2013). In essence, loose economic policy often has detrimental effects on the economic system of a given country. The 1920s asset-price along with credit boom can be regarded as the core cause of the sudden crash in the financial market. In other words, the inability of the government fiscal systems to control the monetary policy during the early 1920s coined the emergence of the mischievous financial crisis. Basing on this particular policy aspect, it is paramount to note that the depression could actually not be avoided. It was inevitable because; even with robust monetary systems, f inancial mistakes resulting from policy can always happen. Moreover, conditions that ensured that the stock market avoided grave errors were missing during that time. Therefore, even with appropriate intervention the entire stock market deal was already poisoned and therefore inevitable. Similarly, financial regulators encouraged the most financial institutions to adopt similar quantitative risk management models in guarding their capital and even assessing risks. Arguably, it is pretty possible that the adopted models were all flawed. In the long run, it was impossible to ascertain the extent of risk adequately. All these resulted into mischievous financial consequences as hereby stated. The overall trial and error process in the risk measurement as well as modeling was actually blunted. In this, institutions adopted the same risk models which meant that, failure in one institution resulted to a possible failure in all other fiscal institutions. This became a potential reason for deviant stocks sales and even illiquidity. Therefore, it made the Great Depression to be inevitable whatsoever. Bank Failures As a result of the stock market crash, banks across America failed detrimentally. When the stock market was stable, most banks experienced huge booms and as a result the number of banks all over the nation rose from 5, 000 to nearly 30, 000. Individuals trusted banking institutions largely to the extent that they accumulated all their gains from the stock market in unprotected and even uninsured banks. This turned out very much fatal as banks gave out huge amounts of money to other individuals who bout expensive stocks using the money (Krugman 2008). Not taking note of the impending danger, banks gave out money anyhow so long as one was investing the money in the stock market which was experiencing expeditious returns at the time. Unfortunately, in October 1929 when the stock market crashed, investors streamed into banks in search of their savings in the ba nks. However, banks had loaned nearly all amounts of money to individuals who traded in the stock market. Consequently, when the stock market crashed, investors had lost all their money in the stock market thus they had nothing to pay back. This brought most banks into bankruptcy states affecting its customers to a larger extent. In review, the aftermath of the stock market crash were very adverse to an extent that the number of all banks across the U.S decreased from 30, 000 to 15, 000 in a period of just 3 years. Business Failure The crash of the stock market resulted to business failure. Prior to the Great Depression, America experienced a period of economic prosperity (Rajan 2011). Here, individuals bought durable assets such as houses due to economic resurgence in the stock market. Consequently, there was a higher demand for business goods which resulted to high supply. Nevertheless, the high demand of products led to factories producing products in surplus until the demand f or the products significantly felled causing dramatic decrease of product prices. In the long run profits made in business fell significantly leading to bankrupt. Finally, since this business had invested much in the stock market, when the stock market crash took center stage, these businesses never regained their initial status. Poor Government Acti...

Poem Analysis Allen Ginsbergs Howl - 2277 Words

Interpreting Howl Interpreting Howl The world is holy! The soul is holy! The skin is holy! The nose is holy! The tongue and cock and hand and asshole holy! Everything is holy! everybodys holy! everywhere is holy! everyday is an eternity! Everymans an angel! The bums as holy as the seraphim! the madman is holy as you my soul are holy!...Holy the groaning saxophone! Holy the bop apocalypse! Holy the jazzbands marijuana hipsters peace junk drums! ~Footnote to Howl by Allen Ginsberg Poet Allen Ginsberg composed Howl in 1955 and it was published by City Lights Books of San Francisco, CA the following year. He composed the poem in the middle of the 1950s, one of the greatest decades in history for mainstream America. It had been a decade since the American and Allied victory in the second world war. Numerous American men returned home to a country in much better shape than expected, with many women having entered the workforce to keep the economy and industry alive in their absence. The spoils of war were great and America saw a great era of prosperity and domestic, suburban bliss. More interstate highways were constructed. Many more cars were produced and bought. It was a classic era for mainstream American culture in the 1950s. Yet in the haze of the suburbs, expansion of television, growth of Hollywood, and cars, present here were the seeds of rebellion and counterculture that was more indicative of the following decade, 1960 s. One such seed is the poemShow MoreRelatedAllen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California Literary Analysis1669 Words   |  7 PagesJasamyn Wimmer English 1B Professor Kleinman 5 March 2013 Brief Literary Analysis Lost America: An analysis of â€Å"A Supermarket in California† Allen Ginsberg; philosopher, activist, poet, a man highly revered as a groundbreaking figure between the 1950’s Beat Poetry Generation and the counter-cultural revolution of the 1960’s (poetryarchive.org). Ginsberg’s first book â€Å"Howl and Other Poems,† was published in 1955, his work was involved in an illustrious obscenity trial because of the use ofRead MoreConfessional Poetry Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagespurely autobiographical, but did often express deeply disturbing personal experience. (Academy of American Poets) Three important poets who are typically associated with the confessional poetry movement are Anne Sexton, Allen Ginsberg, and Denise Levertov. An analysis of selected works from these poets yields a deeper insight into the individual poets and the broad differences among them. Poetry rarely flourishes in a vacuum. As such, the influences and history of each poet is important toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Howl 1406 Words   |  6 PagesHistoric Analysis of ‘’ Howl ‘’ ‘’Howl’’ was a poem written by  Allen Ginsberg in 1956. For us to understand the poem it is necessary for us to understand the history behind the poem. ‘’ Howl ‘’ was published in 1956, right after the devastating World War II. After WWII that’s when the American dream was in full force throughout the whole world. Many Immigrants were trying to migrate to the US at that time for a better living. At the same time media was becoming big and powerful gaining trust fromRead MoreAnalysis of Allen Ginsbergs Howl2630 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Howl Allen Ginsburg Introduction Why is this poem so fascinating to scholars, students, and others in America, even today fifty-six years after it was published? Indeed it remains of interest because this poem was part of the literary movement that put the Beat Generation on the map, and it also demonstrated, †¦in a seismic way, that social change could be driven by literature, Amiri Baraka and colleagues explain in The American Poetry Review. 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Making Connections Young People and the Internet Free Essay Example, 2750 words

It is evidently clear from the discussion that the prolific transformation of the Internet into a commercial model and consumer orientated medium has further created gaps in the youth culture and the contemporary construction of youth culture in terms of how young people utilize online information streams and web-based services. However, the literature review reveals that the central focus when considering the impact of the internet particularly on youth has focused on threats such as cyberbullying, crime, and pedophilia, with little attention being given to online game playing, entertainment, and shopping. It is submitted that these trends shape youth culture, which in turn impacts changes in socio-cultural trends and social behavior. Moreover, research from as early as 1998 indicates that this aspect of the Internet is the central role in the constructions of contemporary youth culture. Bennett and Harris further posit that the role and impact of technology on youth culture has created polarised theories such as postmodernism on the one hand to the cultural studies approach on the other. The post modern rationale opines that youth is shaped by cultural norms. We will write a custom essay sample on Making Connections: Young People and the Internet or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Inspiring Many The True Story Of Walt Disney - 1352 Words

Inspiring Many: The True Story of Walt Disney â€Å"Walt Disney was a dreamer, just a kid who never grew up,† (University Meghan’s Channel†). He took his dreams and made them real in his motion pictures, sharing them with kids and adults around the world. Walt would become the greatest and most powerful innovator in film. His filmmaking and entrepreneurial skills would make him a lasting figure. Born in Chicago December 5, 1901 (Langer), Walt had an incredible dream fulfilling life ahead of him. His parents were Elias Disney and Flora Disney. Just after Walt was born, The Disney family moved to a town in Missouri called Marceline, where Walt would spend most of his childhood. While being one of five kids (â€Å"About Walt Disney†) he started drawing by the time he was seven, selling his works of art to neighbors for money (â€Å"About Walt Disney†). Walt chose to draw pictures of animals and nature in place of doing his schoolwork (JustDisney.com). By attending McKinley High School by day and Chicago Academy of Fine Arts by night, he started a career that would make him known for decades (JustDisney.com). Near the farm that the Disney family was living on, was a railroad track. Walt would lie on the ground listening to the trains go by. The tracks would run right through Marceline. Later, Walt was able to get a job on the railroad. He would sell newspapers, pop corn, and soda to travelers (JustDisney.com). After being rejected by the military, Walt worked for the Red Cross driving anShow MoreRelatedDisney : The Culture Behind The Park1606 Words   |  7 PagesDisney: The Culture Behind the Park The lifecycle of Disney begins with a great story. The story of Disney itself is filled with characters, costumes, and lessons. Disney is known to usually start as a movie and eventually becomes books, merchandise, sequels, TV shows, and of course theme park rides. The fantasy world itself and what the theme parks offer is what specifically catches the visitor’s attention to want to come back again. Throughout all of Disney advertisements regarding theirRead MoreWalt Disneys Career Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesWalt Disney’s Career Imagine the world without Walt Disney, imagine never knowing who Mickey or Minnie Mouse were. Think about not ever laughing at a film created by Disney, not even 1 of the 635 ever produced. Walt has brought laughter into family rooms of millions and has continued that for almost 90 years. He was a legend. Walt Disney grew up drawing for friends and newspapers and ended up becoming one of the greatest entertainers and film producers. Walt Disney was born on December 5th,Read MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s Transformational Leadership1726 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this paper is to act as a consulting analysis on how Walt Disney utilized his transformational leadership and brought to the world one of the most famous entertainment companies in the 20th century. Transformational leaders provide extraordinary motivation by appealing to people’s ideals and values and inspiring them to think about issues in new ways. It begins with a vision and the leader embeds that vision into others through encouragement, enthusiasm and motivationRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt s The Great Gatsby 1725 Words   |  7 Pages1901, in Chicago, Illinois. Father, Elias Disney, and mother, Flora Call Disney, had a son that they named, Walter Elias Disney. He was one of five children, three boys; Herbert, Raymond, and Roy, and one girl, Ruth. After the birth of Walt, the family moved to Marceline, Missouri where they had a farm. Walt first got his inspirations of drawing through the environment around him. Being wrapped around animals and the nature as pects on a farm, it gave Walt at the early age of seven inspiration to createRead MoreSnow White Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"magic† of the Disney universe is undeniable, although not as one would first think. Walt Disney created an empire of fantasies, dreams, and magical adventures, but the true magic is the power Disney has to instill these fantasies and dreams into children’s minds. Of course, these fantasies are not always realistic. The easily impressionable thoughts and ideas of the children can be easily altered in their most susceptible time of life to believe these extravagant fantasies. The particular fantasyRead MoreMovie Analysis : Cinderella, And Being Fascinated1093 Words   |  5 Pagesa little girl, I was surrounded by all things Disney. I can remember watching my first movie, Cinderella, and being fascinated by the animations, storyline and characters. It may sound clichà © but it made me feel so delighted and that all of my problems h ad simply disappeared. At first, it didn’t occur to me how much an impact that Disney left in my life until I noticed how much I was surrounded by the culture. A part of me will always include my Disney side and it has taught me to become young atRead MoreDisney, Little Mermaid, And Big Hero 61825 Words   |  8 Pagesdream it you can do it† – Walt Disney. Walt Disney, the man who made Mickey Mouse and inspired the World. What do think of when you hear the words Frozen, Jungle Book, Little Mermaid, and Big hero 6. All of these movies are made by the Walt Disney Company and Walt Disney is the man who started the Walt Disney Company. However the original name of the company was The Disney Brothers Studio. With the help of some friends and family Walt Disney dreams came true. Walt Disney who is an incredible animatorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film The Tale Of The White Serpent 1358 Words   |  6 Pageswatching Hayao Miyazaki’s film, ‘Spirited Awayâ₠¬â„¢, I was enamoured with the art style aesthetics, smooth animation and storytelling. His work in Studio Ghibli had played a major part in my desire to work in animation and to create artistic and compelling stories. But it’s not just me he has influenced and inspired, and it’s in this essay that I will discuss how this illustrious individual has influenced and placed his mark in the animation world. Miyazaki had always had an interest in drawing in his youthRead MoreThe Executive Management Team For Walt Disney Company Essay2147 Words   |  9 PagesThe Walt Disney Company have many assets available which include film, television, publishing, the internet, and music. The executive management team for Walt Disney has put Disney on top as one of the world’s top conglomerates, making $14.28 billion in Quarter Three in 2016. They regularly find different and new innovative ways to promote and sell their brands through various media segments to have a revenue increase and it has helped Disney to successfully complete its mission to position itselfRead MoreWalt Disney Company Essay2641 Words   |  11 PagesDisney Corporation The Walt Disney Company started as a small entertainment company in 1923 (Disney.com, 2011). Since that time the company has used various strategies enabling them to grow into a global entertainment company. Strategy The Walt Disney Company is known throughout the world as a leader in entertainment. The strategies that the Walt Disney Company have used include competitive advantage, a growth strategy, and a renewal strategy. When a person mentions a theme park, Disney

Invite Friends Free Essays

Leadership Assignment 5 Sarah Kamal 09-4714 ————————————————- 26th November 2012 Question 1: Was the research program a group or a team? If a team, what kind of a team was it? At first, before the assignment of a formal leader, it was a self-directed team on a whole of groups of people. It was a team because it was not inhibited by organizational boundaries. It was specifically formulated for a purpose and vision that was to develop a technique for large-scale interferon production to use as a treatment against cancer. We will write a custom essay sample on Invite Friends or any similar topic only for you Order Now The performance goals were also set by themselves instead of one strong centralized leadership. This team consisted of 3 groups who had 3 informal leaders namely –gene slicing, recombination and fermentation. At first the senior management believed that this biotech research program could be self-managed so the initial team of groups was a self-directed team as it worked on itself within its group boundaries autonomously and was member centered to the informal leaders. Later on after the formal leader was assigned to this team, it emerged as a stronger cross-functional team coordinating across its group boundaries for a shared purpose and problem solving. The formal leader directed work to the group leaders and assigned some authority to them as well. Question 2: Did the interdependence among the subgroups change with the interferon project? What were the group norms before and after the retreat? Interdependence is the extent to which the team members depend on each other for information, resources or ideas to accomplish their tasks. The research project should have been ideally a reciprocal interdependent one but initially the lack of communication and cohesiveness among the subgroups made it a pooled-interdependent team as the groups were fairly independent and did not share or coordinate work with each other participating as a team. After the formal leader came, he changed this interdependence style to the required reciprocal interdependent team. The interdependence increased a lot, and the team members influenced each other in reciprocal fashion for he completion of work and problem solving. Yes, the group norms changed and one single approach was taken to lead the project with consensus. Each subgroup was assigned a set of instructions by the leader, strict deadlines were given as the work was highly interdependent now and weekly progress reports were submitted. The communication gap was removed, problem solving was improved and group coordination was increased. Question 3: What factors account for the chang e in cohesiveness after the chief biologist took over? Cohesiveness is the extent to which the members are united in pursuit of a common goal. The chief biologist increased the determining factors for increasing cohesiveness. He took the team to a two day retreat and made them interact with each other. He organized the work and gave the team a more direct shared mission. Even after the retreat the communication was increased as lunches and coffee gathering took place. Group members and team leaders started having daily discussions and cooperated on research requirements. Enthusiasm and group cohesion was increased. How to cite Invite Friends, Essay examples

Lord of the Flies Symbolism Essay Example For Students

Lord of the Flies Symbolism Essay In the book, Lord of the Flies, the author frequently uses symbolism. Symbolism-n 1: the art or practice of using symbols esp. by investing things with a symbolic meaning or by expressing the invisible or intangible by means of visible or sensuous representations. In other words, discussing or explaining a broader, more general topic by linking it symbolically with a specific event in a literary work. The superb use of symbolism in the book is one of the contributing factors to the profoundness of Lord of the Flies. This book is peppered with examples of symbolism, but the ones that stand out the most are: The breaking of Piggys spectacles, the representation of the littluns and Jack as the people and the government, and Simons conversation with the Lord of the Flies. The breaking of Piggys spectacles meant much more than the mere marring of a pair of glasses. Ralph made a step forward and Jack smacked Piggys head. Piggys glasses flew off and tinkled on the rocks. One sides broken. This is somewhat of a turning point in the book. The breaking of Piggys spectacles symbolizes a mark at which rational influence decays as the story progresses. To better understand this, you must first know that Piggy himself is symbolized a grown-up figure, with intelligence and common sense. Looking back on the story, one can begin to realize how true this is. After Piggys glasses are broken, the fabric that holds the island society together begins to dissolve and everything goes awry. This discussion is perhaps the single most important part of the story, and may also be the most difficult part to understand. Another subtle, but important symbolization is the representation of the littluns as the people, and Jack as the government. By using this symbolization, the author tries to express what he feels is wrong with modern government. This symbolization is shown in the book by a statement made by Jack. What about the littluns? Sucks to the littluns! Somebody has to look after them Nobody has so far. By this, the author makes reference to the government (Jack), and how government officials disregard its people (littluns). The most deeply symbolic event in the book, is Simons discussion with the pigs head, or the Lord of the Flies. -and his gaze was held by that ancient, inescapable recognition. This statement is crucial to understanding the theme of Lord of the Flies. What the author means, is the inescapable recognition of human capacities for evil. And when the pigs head said, Im part of you?, the author meant to convey that the capacity for evil is in all of us. The genius of the author, William Golding, can be clearly seen by looking at the book, Lord of the Flies, in a more profound way of thinking. To truly understand and enjoy this wonderful story, the reader must look at the deeper meaning of the book, rather than simply reading the book in a superficial way. Because of the authors expert use of symbolism, we can see that the breaking of Piggys glasses, Simons conversation with the Lord of the Flies, and the representation of the littluns and Jack as the people and the government, mean much more than what they appear to be.

Sociologist Bibliography Essay Example For Students

Sociologist Bibliography Essay â€Å"To live is to fight, to preserve life is to fight everything that man stands for. † Patrick Ness I used to hear somebody told me that â€Å"Life is a journey†; and to me, I used to think simply that my life’s journey is to happiness. In order to achieve the future happiness, I studied hard, worked hard even I left my potential career in Vietnam and flew a half of the earth to United State to chase so-called â€Å" the American dream† which I believed to possibly fulfill my happiness. Until now, I can assert that I’m still on the right way to achieve my life’s purpose. And through the sociology course, I have a chance to closely see my way and to understand deeply reasons and motivations for me to think and to act such a way. My life is divided into 2 periods: one in Vietnam and one in United States; however, I find that as any individual in any society, I’m in the battle to fight against the existing inequalities in social class, gender and minority. The first thing I learned from my background was that education will be an efficient â€Å"equalizer† for social class. My opinion is completely contrast to the Conflict theory which sees the purpose of education as maintaining social inequality and preserving the power of those who dominate society (Tischler, 2014, p. 351). I was born in a tiny town in the small province of central region of Vietnam. I grew up in the period after 12 years when the Vietnam War against America ended. After more than a decade completely closed with the outside, Vietnamese government started to open the free-market and welcome FDI to invest into Vietnam, in other words â€Å"adopting some elements of capitalism while retaining most of its authoritarianism† (Vuving, 2013, p. 25). This helped to open many opportunities for urbanization and increasing job chances. However, where I lived was just a small town in the central region of Vietnam, the change seemed to come late. Differ to other big cities, the economy of my province still depended on the state-own organizations. My parents never graduated from university but joining some college. They worked as the normal white-collar workers in the state-own companies. My mom was a nurse for a public hospital, meanwhile my father was a driver for marble export company. As Tischler’s definition in Introduction to Sociology, my family could be categorized as a middle-middle class which possibly â€Å"shares many characteristics with the upper-middle class, but its members have not been able to achieve the same kind of lifestyle because of economic or educational shortcomings† (p. 182). This means that compare with my classmates in richer families, I didn’t have the luxury clothes and hardly had a chance to eat at the restaurants like them. The only thing I was the same with them was the education. However, very few of the rich in my society were regarded as the upper middle class in the real meaning: both having a lot of money and high education, because most of them didn’t have bachelor degree or even high-school diploma. In spited of limited economic, my parents tried to work hard to afford the best education for me. I went to the best school and taught by the best teachers in my province. I was thankful for my parents’ great sacrifice and I didn’t want to disappoint them. Therefore, in past twelve years from primary school to high school, I always tried my best to accomplish the best scores in class. However, as a child, I was sometimes sad and wondered why I couldn’t have such a good condition as my friend’s family. Luckily, I had a great mother who always encouraged me that my family may be not as rich as them, however, I could change my life by studying hard, later on getting a better job and having a better conditions like them. And my Mom was correct. Finally, after high school graduation, I got admission into a good university in a big city. I’m the first person in my family graduated from university with good GPA and qualified for a good job in multi-national companies where I had a chance to socialize with the upper class. Climate Change and World Food Supply EssayIn a new country, I started my life with two bare hands, however this country makes me believe that there’re still many chances opening for such a women like me. Here, women are more respected by men. They are no longer subordinate to the men but has the fair role with men. I was really impressed and highly appreciated when the first time I was opened the door by a man. I was never treated as the same way by Vietnamese men. All of these made me believe that it’s never too late for me to start again. Finally I recognized that my father’s saying was untrue. I shouldn’t limit my capability just because my father said so. My father just had the same view point of the functionalists. However, in America, I met another trouble with my ethnic inequality. Before coming to America, I used to believe that United State really was heaven. And I decided to leave my career to find â€Å"American dream†. Hauhart defined â€Å"American dream† was that â€Å"Coupled with the ideal that you have the freedom to work hard and accomplish what you want in your life, it’s about finding happiness and solace in your present lifestyle† (pp. 213-214). It can’t be denied that this definition is untrue. No matter of any society, everyone must work hard to overcome the poverty. However, I couldn’t imagine that the troubles I had to meet here are out of my expectation. Two biggest barriers for me to adapt to the new community are culture and language. I took a great effort to adapt with the culture shock here. In addition, because I’m a Vietnamese, my English isn’t proficiency enough to get the same job as financial analysis as I used to work in Vietnam. Therefore, in order to sustain for new life, I had to work manual jobs like a busser in a pizza restaurant This was really big shock for me. I used to work hard to change my social status from middle-middle class to upper-middle class in Vietnam. But here, in the new country, my social status fell down two levels to lower middle class or even lower class. Obviously, because of lack of English proficiency, I belong to the minority group in the new society. Until now, I haven’t yet found any proof for ethnic discrimination in my working environment. However, I gradually learn to accept the reality that I’m in minority group of this country, and the only way I change my present status is that I must go to school again. I must master my English then get bachelor degree to improve my standard of living and my social class. In conclusion, as Bill Gate’s saying: â€Å"Life is not fair, get used to it†. I think that Bill Gates’s thinking is correct. Now, our society remains many inequality in race, gender, social class These inequalities will last long until the human being still exist in the earth. However, I still believe in life that if we never give up and we try to work hard enough, we can change our own life. And I want together with my society, especially the people suffering the same situation with me go on having strong willingness to fight for the better life, because â€Å"to live is to fight†. Bibliography: Crossman, A. (n.d.). Sociology of Gender. Retrieved June 21, 2015, from http://sociology.about.com/od/Disciplines/a/Sociology-Of-Gender.htm Hauhart, R. C., Birkenstein, J. (2013). Globals and the American Dream: A Survey of Student Aspirations in an American Studies Course. Perspectives On Global Development Technology, 12(1/2), 355-374. doi:10.1163/15691497-12341260 Rowan, E. E. (2010). Caring For Patients From Different Cultures, 4th edition Geri-Ann Galanti. Journal Of Hospital Librarianship, 10(2), 205-206. doi:10.1080/15323261003685027 Tischler, H. (2014). Introduction to sociology (11th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Vuving, A. L. (2013). VIETNAM IN 2012. Southeast Asian Affairs, 325-347.

A Response to Lit Sample Essay Before it is Published - Dont Be The Victim

A Response to Lit Sample Essay Before it is Published - Don't Be The VictimAn argument in favor of sending out a response to lit sample essay before it is published must be made on the grounds that plagiarism is not what it is purported to be. That is because it is not as if you can just copy something and have it published without mention of it being an otherwise lifted article. It is important for everyone involved to read the piece before it is published and make certain the arguments and thought process are correct before making any kind of changes.Even if you find someone who wrote a response to lit sample essay, there is no way to tell from the content whether it is plagiarized or not. Therefore, there is a need to be cautious in your approach to reviewing responses to lit sample essay. You will find yourself on the wrong side of a plagiarism charge at some point, so it is always wise to make sure the piece you are reviewing is the original, first.Sometimes it takes much more t han one reader to find out that the essay you are reviewing is plagiarized. The biggest problem for readers is when they realize that they have been cheated out of their money. When that happens, they generally do not want to let the author of the response to lit sample essay off the hook.Thus, you will need to determine how confident you are in charging someone with plagiarism. If you feel comfortable that you can show proof that the essay is not plagiarized, then you can put it out there. However, if you have the knowledge that the paper you are looking at is indeed plagiarized, you will need to keep it quiet.In other words, you will need to weigh your options for why you think the author of the response to lit sample essay was charging at such a low price. If you are not confident about having the right person charged, then you will have to bear in mind how embarrassing it is to get caught in the middle of such a charge. Even if you decide to charge the author, you will need to m ake sure the response is accurate, so there is no possibility that the essay could be altered to eliminate the charge.In some cases, the charge will be a big hit to their reputation, so you will have to be careful. This means that you will need to ask the author to go through and verify the essay. This is where you can make sure they did not make any other changes that might be seen as fakes or plagiarized.You can also consider the possible damage to their reputation that comes from charging them with plagiarism. If you can get the piece all the way through, you will find yourself on the winning side.

Edmund Fitzgerald Essay Example

Edmund Fitzgerald Essay The Edmund Fitzgerald was built in River Rouge, Michigan in 1958 with the hull number 301 (McCall) .The job was completed with the help of one thousand men.The Fitzgerald was seven hundred twenty nine feet long and was the largest freighter on the Great Lakes at the time.Mrs. Edmund Fitzgerald christened it on June 8, 1958 before sliding into the Detroit River (Nolan) .The Fitzgerald set numerous shipping records before its last voyage.In 1964 it became thefirst Great Lakes vessel to carry more than a million gross tons of ore through the Soo Locks.It then broke its own record by hauling 1.2 million tons through the Locks (Stonehouse 13) .This is why the Fitzgerald was labeled The Pride of the American Flag (Stonehouse 13) . Over the years people have speculated what actually happened to the Edmund Fitzgerald.Nobody witnessed the Fitzgerald actually sink so there are many theories of what people think happened.Studies of the wreckage and the sight of where it went down disproved all the theories.Based on the weather conditions, the boats condition, its last voyage, and the Marine Casualty Report an answer of the cause was concluded. The storm was generated over the Oklahoma Panhandle on November 8, 1975.It moved northeasterly towards the Lake Superior.On November 9, the National Weather Service issued warnings of winds of thirty-four to forty-seven knots for Lake Superior (Marine Accident Report) .They also predicted rain and thunderstorms with waves eight to fifteen feet. At 1:00 a.m. on November 10, the Fitzgerald reported winds at fifty-two knots and waves ten feet tall.At this time the Fitzgerald was twenty miles south of Isle Royal.An hour later the National Weather Service issued a storm warning.The NWS predicted winds now thirty-five to fifty knots northeasterly with waves eight to fifteen feet.At 7:00 a.m. the Fitzgerald was forty-five miles north of Copper Harbor, Michigan and re

The eNotes Blog How to Write A Summary in 9 SimpleSteps

How to Write A Summary in 9 SimpleSteps There comes a point in a student’s academic career where shell have to write a summary. Knowing how to write a summary is one of the most beneficial skills that demonstrates reading comprehension and writing ability. Writing a good summary indicates that you clearly understand a text and that you can effectively communicate that understanding to your audience. A summary can be tricky to write at first because it’s tempting to include specific details. But by following our easy 9-step method, you will be able to summarize texts quickly and successfully for any class or subject. 1. Read The first step to a well-written summary is to read the original piece of work. Focus on reading the original text without taking any notes. The goal is to become familiar with the main idea of the piece while gaining insight into the author’s specific style and voice. 2. Gather the Main Idea Once you’ve finished reading the original piece, take time to reflect on what you’ve read. Think about the important points of the text and how the author constructed the sequence of events. Determine the Five Ws (who, what, where, when, why) of the story to help illuminate the essential elements of the text. 3. Reread while Taking Notes Rereading means active reading. Read the story again, this time marking the important points you’ll want to include in your summary. Underline topic sentences and significant plot points, highlight essential quotes, and number the major events as they occur. Also, note the areas you do not understand. 4. Organize your Notes Once you’ve actively reread the text, take a couple of minutes to organize the information you’ve collected. Depending on your learning style, find a way to organize your notes that will make them a reliable reference when you start writing. Go back and elaborate on the key points you noted and clarify any information that was difficult to understand. 5. Create a thesis statement The key to a good summary is a developed thesis statement. The purpose of including a thesis statement in a book summary is to correctly identify the author’s argument or main idea of the text. When writing a summary, you want to recast the author’s argument, without including a personal opinion. 6. Draft a Short Paragraph As you start to write the summary, keep the following in mind: Write in present tense Include the author and title of the work Be concise- a summary should not be equal in length to the original text Cite direct quotes if you use them. Don’t put your own opinions, ideas, or interpretations into the summary. The purpose of writing a summary is to accurately represent what the author wanted to say, not to provide a critique. Be sure to include some transition words (then, however, also, moreover) to help with the overall structure and flow of the summary. 7. Check for accuracy Once you’ve completed your draft, reread your summary to make sure you’ve accurately represented the author’s main ideas and you’ve correctly cited any direct quotes. Ensure the text does not contain any personal commentary and is written in present tense. 8. Revise After you’ve checked for accuracy, you should (as with any piece of writing) revise it for style, grammar, and punctuation. Once you’ve reviewed it yourself, try to find someone else willing to look it over, because another set of eyes may catch something you missed. Plus, if they can understand the original text based on your summary alone, it’s a good indicator that you’ve written a good summary. 9. Review After making revisions to your summary, give your writing a final review. Go through the checklist below to make sure your summary encompasses all of the necessary parts. Included title and author in the introduction Used present tense language Included a thesis statement Cited all direct textual references Avoided the first-person language For a more in-depth review on how to write a summary and to see an example summary, visit   How-To Series.

Pick one of the poems from this module and EXPLICATE it Essay

Pick one of the poems from this module and EXPLICATE it - Essay Example is crucial in communicating the meaning of the poem in that it allows the audience to read the poem not only as a account of the African – American suffering but also as a racial statement aimed at restoring the pride of the African –American. The narrative voice, stanzas, figures of speech and the diction in the â€Å"Negro† are orchestrated to communicate one or more of the following tones: pride, sad and hopelessness. The resultant mood of these tones makes the tone the most important element of the poem than the words used to describe the events of the poem. The tones of pride, sad and hopelessness are established through the element of the narrative voice. The first person point of view establishes the speaker’s intimate relationship with the narrated events. However, the narration of events is marked by underlying tone; this tone can be established from the narrative voice. The voice does not lay much emphasis on the description of events yet it has a profound effect on the feelings of the audience, this is the effect of tone. The events are stated without too many details yet the effect is achieved. The effect of the tone on the audience is meant to align their feelings with the specific moods created. Langston capitalizes on tone to convey meaning of words. â€Å" I am a Negro/ Black as the night is black/ Black like the depths of my Africa† (1-3). Without factoring the role of the tone, the stanza would be reduced to a mere explanation of the narrator’s color and origin. The bold tone in which these words are c onveyed are crucial in understanding the meaning of these words as an affirmation of the Negro’s pride in his color and heritage. It is clear the speaker is stating what the audience already knows. (Campbell 65) argues that the mention of Negro is enough for the audience to imagine his color and place his roots making it irrelevant in deducting meaning in this context. The relevance of the tone in deducting the intended message renders

Answering questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Answering questions - Assignment Example This decision worsened the situation as it was like a throwing a burning branch into a bucket of kerosene. It instigated anti—American sentiment in Iran which explored (Christopher & Mosk, 2007). We learn that Carter actions were more of humanitarian than political, and this caused him a second term following his inability to restore the situation that became his weakness for the competitors. The duo was terrorists school shooters that handled the April 20, 1999 Columbine High School massacre. This massacre has remained the today’s the deadliest high school massacre in American history as well the fifth deadliest school massacre in history of America after the Bath School Bombing, the Virginia Tech Massacre, the Sandy Hook Elementary Scholl massacre and the University of Texas massacre. The duo met in 1995 and became intimate friends. The first warning signs arose from the increasingly hostile personality in his freshman year at Columbine when Eric met Tiffany Typher in German. Brian was born in 1961 and was the 2008 vice presidential candidate of America’s Independent Party in the same year’s United States Presidential Election. He ran on the ticket with the presidential candidate Alan Keyes. He is a school drop-out at 16 and founded a car stereo in business in Englewood, Colorado. He led the efforts to examine the sociological reasons for Columbine High School Massacre as his son (Daniel) wounded by Eric and shot in back by Klebold. His opinion was that the cause of the massacre was as resulting of legalizing abortion as well as the removal of all vestiges of religion from the public school classroom. The controversy of the cross memorial is understood, but the controversy arise about the gun since the history is clear and the meaning of the concern being on the appropriateness of the specific location for the processed

Movie Review Of The Last Song Film Studies Essay

Movie Review Of The Last Song Film Studies Essay For those hopeless romantic who get captured by the plots or meanings of any Nicholas Sparks novel, then The Last Song is the film of the year to see. In The Last Song, Sparks captures the heart of his audience by introducing themes of first love with some hints of disparity throughout the film. In his past films such as Dear John, The Notebook, and A Walk to Remember, Sparks successfully promotes the impression of young love with the framework of hope. This makes it the ideal plot for any classic romantic. As first time screenwriter Sparks effectively delivers to his audience a more sentimental film than ever before. The Last Song tells the story about family, friendship, tragedies, and reconnecting relationships. The Last Song is the tale of a rebellious musical prodigy named Ronnie (Miley Cyrus) who sent to her fathers beach house by her mother Kim (Kelly Preston) along with her younger brother Jonah (Bobby Coleman) for the summer. Ronnie is quite bitter towards the stay with her father Steve (Greg Kinnear) because she blames him for the divorce and leaving the family. She even stops playing the piano and rejects her acceptance into Julliard despite of him. Sullen and withdrawn at everyone, she explores the town and beach and bumps into a local boy named Will, (newcomer Liam Hemsworth) a wealthy, volleyball playing hunk that becomes charmed by her and falls in love with Ronnie. Despite Ronnies defiant attitude, Ronnies mother Kim hopes that the stay will give the chance for both Ronnie and Steve to rekindle their relationship. The film collectively brings together all 3 relationships of parallel love of those between a father and daughter, boyfriend and girlfriend, and brother and sister. Mo st importantly the film gives the audience the chance for Cyrus to break away from her widely known Disney pop culture phenomenon. Miley Cyrus definitely got her work cut out for her in this film in taking the role of Ronnie in The Last Song. Known for her popular role as Hannah Montana on the hit Disney Show Hannah Montana, Cyrus is given the chance to break out of her shell, separating from her childish role by transitioning into a more mature role. She surprisingly transforms herself of what we expect to see in the film in the character of Ronnie, making her lovable and quite engaging. Sparks even had Cyrus in mind while writing the story and casting the role for the movie. This film gives her the potential to be taken seriously in later films by slowly breaking away from her popular alter ego. In being her first adult role, Cyrus portrays everything from a sympathetic friend and daughter to pouting and troubled brat. Cyrus is astonishingly attractive in the way of a girl you might actually want to approach. Her acting is serious, and in working with such actors like Kinnear, the film breaks away from your ty pical boy-meets-girl story line. Director Julie Anne Robinson even does a great job as to focusing on each character by establishing a fear of abandonment in Ronnie because of the divorce. As the film progresses you notice her character transition into the kind, loving young woman she was went out to be. Audience watching the film can hopefully take Cyrus serious as an actress and like the new Miley. Personality and charm can be seen through both Ronnie and Miley, but most importantly though the help of the supporting actresses and actors. With the help of her supporting cast and actors, the typecasting in The Last Song gives the film full potential. Her costar Bobby Coleman, (who plays the role of her younger brother Jonah) gives the film more of an emotional stance by creating cutesy sayings and bringing out the right emotional feelings in the film without going overboard or too little. Kinnear plays a great character in the film by being the sympathetic dad, with his own secret and troubles that are later seen in the film. His character Steve brings out the best in all the characters in the film, which truly brings the film all together. Even the chemistry between both Cyrus and Kinnears role as daughter and father give an effective tearjerker for dads and their daughters. Kelly Preston, who portrays Ronnies mother Kim, displays her roles as the mother quite well, despite her lack of appearance in the film. As for newcomer Liam Hemsworth, he plays your typical dreamy hunk; hes nice, volunteers on his spare time, and captures the heart of pretty much any teenage girl. Other than hiding his Australian accent, Hemsworth was able to deliver the role of what seems to be the perfect boyfriend, but as the audience figures out has troubles of his own. Casting both Hemsworth and Cyrus to play the on-screen couple brought great chemistry between the two characters. Both Sparks and Director Julie Anne Robinson can be sure to be appraised for well written screenplay as well as casting. Compared to the novel, the film follows directly with the book, despite forgetting some minor background details from the book. Overall the audience can captures the messages within the film and relates can to each character in some way, whether its experiencing first love, the relationship between a father and daughter, or how close we really are to a brother. The main themes of the movie tend to deal with the idea of hope, faith, and the relationship one can have with another person. For the most part, The Last Song is a great family film to see with anyone of all ages. In delivering messages on second chances and the moments in life that lead us home, this should give audiences to give Cyrus a second chance at a more mature role like The Last Song.

Evaluating China’s one child Policy Essay

During the 1970s, China felt the indenting need for a drastic policy that would be able to control its ever-expanding population and to begin development in its country and thus the one child policy was born, if the policy had not been instituted china would have faced severe famine and starvation as it would not have been able to cope with rapid growth. The policy was administrated in September 1981 and they called it ‘birth planning’ by which families were given a maximum limit of one child per family however in rural areas, couples were allowed to have two children and this was to help need on agricultural land and farming; those who try to breach this law would face severe consequences. The policy was considered as one of history’s ‘most ambitious pieces of social engineering’ as quoted from The Economist since the policy heavily intervened with families plans for the future and affected how most chines families would function in terms of having children. The policy governed by the Chinese government was said not to last no longer than a single generation and yet here in 2013, the policy still continues to proceed and there are little or no signs of a new policy or removal of this policy from the country. Administration Of Policy The policy in china was very drastic and therefore it contained many punishments for anyone who tried to breach the policy and the government also deployed many forces of administration to make sure that people were being monitored and that no one was trying for a second child. There were family-planning workers in every single workplace to grant families the ability to have a child if they had been on the waiting list and also at this point the couple would be presented with a special card which gives them authority to claim governmental benefits such as free education, free kindergarten facilities, free healthcare etc. on birth of the child. Police called the ‘granny police’, who were not actual police but represented the role of making sure woman were practicing using contraception and to had the objective of reporting on pregnancies so that the local authority would be able to work out whether a family is trying to have a second child illegally. Female women were also given education on the use of contraception and this was to try minimising the amount of unexpected pregnancies. Family planning officials levy huge fines of up to ? 20,000 from those who try to have a second child and this fine account for the estimated value of public services that the forbidden child would have received over its lifetime. Furthermore, in some areas the couple would have been stripped of their house, jobs and even the ability to live in a particular area of the country. Also in earlier time they would have been forfeited their rations and clothing benefits. Furthermore, women would have been given forced steralisations or contraceptive pills and their chances of being able to have children ever again would be removed if they were found guilty of trying to have a second child and this would impose that they would never be able to have a child even if they decide to migrate to another country. This kind of steralisations was only existent in certain provinces of China and it is currently completely abolished from all parts of china as it was considered to unforgiving for a punishment. Changes Generated by The One Child Policy. Without need to say, the obvious: the one child policy had caused a drop in the fertility rate in China. From the starting point of the policy in 1981 to now the birth rate has dropped from an above average 2. 9 to 1. 7 and this has lead to understand that the policy was successful and that it has tackled one of the country’s main concern which is an ever-expanding population. Furthermore, this drop has claimed to prevent up to 400 million births, which would otherwise have kept China’s population at 1. 7 billion currently compared to the 1. 3 billion that it actually is today. However, despite showing a drop in birth rate after the beginning of this policy, there are statistics that show that China’s fertility rates fell drastically during the 1970s and that the policy did not influence the drop in birth rates much. This suggests that the fertility rate was naturally decreasing so there was no need for the policy. This suggests that the policy did not control the country’s population greatly because the fertility rates had dropped severely just before the commencement of the policy. Therefore the implementation of such a severe policy has now indented Chinese people’s concept of families and even if the policy was to be removed people will still continue to have few children and this would not have been the case if fertility rates were allowed to naturally decrease to make the population eventually stable much alike how most other countries have progressed through the demographic transition such as Russia, Germany and Japan. The rapid fall in fertility rate just before the one child policy is clearly shown in the graph that is on the previous page; the graph was taken from the GapMinder webpage which holds information about the world demographic and thus is very reliable. Another negative impact of the one child policy was a case of female infanticide. In fact, this is an interesting concern as it has lead to china presenting a population where there are about 120 Chinese men for every 100 Chinese women and thus there is a shortage of women. There was a severe amount of female infanticide for several reasons. Firstly a male child was seen as more superior for the use on farmland and for the use on agricultural land as men were seen as stronger characters compared to women. Secondly, only the male would be able to carry forward the family name and in China there was a great cultural desire to carry forward a family name to keep the family advancing through generations. Finally, men are usually the main income-earners, either because they are more employable or earn higher wages for the same work, or because they are able to do more agricultural work in subsistence economies. Since male babies have a greater income potential, they are more desired over females and thus female births were usually abandoned or killed. There are some stories of extreme discomfort where female babies have been flushed down toilets and drowned, as they were not considered valuable to Chinese family. Furthermore, the shortage of females in China has lead to a generation where there are â€Å"too many men†, and this was caused by the desire to have a male child in the family. The result of the one child policy has meant that there are 1000 million women whom would else be existent if the policy wasn’t introduced and thus this social engineering has converted the a balanced gender country into an imbalanced country with more men. This has lead to desire to import woman known as human trafficking where women are smuggled using from Burma and North Korea and the women are used as prostitutes or sold as wives and domestic servants in parts of china. This is a negative outcome of the policy by which women are used inappropriately and are illegally imported from other countries. Furthermore, it is expected that by the year 2030 there could be up to 20-30million bachelors in chine whom are unable to find a partner and this would further increase the desire and temptation to want female prostitutes and this will create an illegal transportation of women to china from neighboring countries. Another disadvantage of the policy is that a generation of not enough children is developing in china and this results in not enough children to look after parents which could mean that the country could grow old before it is able to develop it’s economy and becoming rich by limiting the mouths to feed as it is trying to do so using the one child policy. In china this lack of children is called the ‘4-2-1’ dilemma and as The Economist suggests this is where each couple has the job of looking after four parents and one child. This creates a dilemma as the couple’s parents become aged and need the help of the couple and thus the couple have the cost of having to look after their parents all on their own as they would not have any siblings and thus china has created a problem for families trying to develop as they will have a shortage of money to spend elsewhere in the economy to try boost the countries development stage. The imbalanced structure of china’s population also hints that the working force will come to an end by 2020 and therefore this would mean that the country would not be able to further develop and this has again raised pressure on the Chinese government to introduce further amendments to the one child policy. For example, Hu Jintao suggested allowing more than one birth but between longer gaps and also the scrapping of the birth quota so that couples could still have a child even if the maximum number of children in a certain area is reached. This would help to regain a large population of workers in the future generation to continue with the countries development without having to deal with another expanding population. The article presented by The Economist has dealt with many defects of the one child policy including the extortionate amount of female infanticide, the illegal need for a second child, female imports, ‘4-2-1’ issue and the fact that the country could have still developed without the policy as statistics showed that fertility rates were naturally decreasing as people become more educated and this would therefore have reduced to country’s large population and allowed the country to develop as the government would have to feed fewer people and also if the policy had not been introduced there would not be effects one some females lives who have been sterilized permanently after the birth of the first child because this would prevent the mother from having another child ever. Also, the Chinese government are now unable to scrape the policy because they have not alternatives that could be administrated on the scale of the one child policy and therefore the government suggests ‘we will stick to the family-planning policy for decades’ and this implies that the removal of the policy would have a considerate difference on China’s population and that it could possibly improve the gender imbalance which is not of great interest to china as demographers suggest the removal of the policy would suggest a rapid increase in population once again and this would mean that the country would not be able to achieve its goal which is to become a well developed country with a high GDP. The charts below show what would happen to china’s population and its structure by 2050 if the policy was to be removed and as the first graph clearly suggests, the one child policy has been heavily successful in maintaining a smaller population and emphasis should be placed on the fact it is just a smaller population. Although, the population is smaller the structure of the population between men and women and groups of elderly, working class as well as those under 15 is highly imbalanced and as the chart on the right clearly imposes, if the policy was removed the demographic structure will become more balanced once again.

Fractional Distillation Experiment

In the experiment of distillation we separated two miscible liquids. The purpose of distillation is to identify and purify compounds. We began our experiment by setting up an apparatus for macroscale simple distillation. We used 60 ml of Cyclohexane/ Toluene. We began with the temperature at 50 degrees Celsius. Unfortunately, we reached an error when the compounds evaporated too rapidly. The compounds evaporated so quickly that we lost data from 2 ml to 13 ml. The heat was lowered and as a result we started to see a constant rate. From 14 ml to 18 ml it stayed at the rate of 90 degrees Celsius, from 19ml to 25 ml it was at 93 from 26ml to 38ml it stayed in the 90’s for several minutes. When it reached the 50ml mark our temperature was at 108 degrees Celsius. Next we conducted the fractional distillation experiment. We tightly packed the fractionating column with a copper metal sponge, poured our mixture into the 100 ml flask and waited for the mixture to reach boiling point. The boiling point temperature started at 83 degrees Celsius we then decreased the temperature until we reached 25ml which was 82 degrees Celsius. Our results for the Toluene were 1. 4810 and 1. 4350 for the Cyclohexane. Unfortunately in the experiment for simple distillation, we reached an error when the compounds evaporated too rapidly. This was one source of error that disarrayed our data. The compounds evaporated so quickly that we lost data from 2 ml to 13 ml. Even though the data was not recorded it still was a successful experiment. This mistake has taught me to always keep a close eye on experiments no matter how slow the rate is. In the experiment of fractional distillation our results were reasonable but I believe that if we would have placed the aluminum foil around the fractionating column we could have minimized the temperature fluctuation during distillation.

Stock Management In The Supply Chain Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5307 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the role of stock management in the supply chain. According to Saxenian (1991), inventory management has traditionally been viewed as an internal procedure that took account of inventory within one building, warehouse or location. However, organizations have looked beyond this due to advancement in technology and their quest to effectively manage inventory and reduce costs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Stock Management In The Supply Chain Finance Essay" essay for you Create order In any company inventory management is an important area that the management always focuses on when it comes to improving business efficiencies and cutting costs. Supply chain inventory management is so critical for planning or forecasting for the future needs and for developing strategic plans to handle the market situations (Smeltzer, 1997). 2.1. Theoretical Evidence of Stock Management This segment reviews the fundamental concept underlying inventory management in the supply chain. It highlights that there are several roles that stocks can play in the supply chain management in an organization. 2.2 Definition of Terms 2.2.1 Stock Stock is any stored resources that are used to satisfy a current or future demand and are held in different forms by an organization which typically include raw materials, work in progress (process)-WIP and finished goods. According to Cachon Fisher (2000), organizations necessarily hold stock to assist in future consumption and sale. While stocks are at times considered to be evil in organizations, most organizations hold stocks for various reasons, which include physical necessities, functional purposes, speculative purposes, etc. Stock control shows how much stock is held by companies at any time and how they are monitored (LaLonde and Masters, 1994). It applies to every item organizations used to produce a good and this covers inventory at every stage of the manufacturing process, from procurement and delivery to usage and re-ordering the stock. Bartlett (1990) stated that efficient stock control allows an organization to have the right quantity of stock, at the right pl ace and at the right time. It also ensures that resources in terms of capital are not tied up, and protects production of goods and services if there are bottlenecks within the supply chain. 2.2.1 Supply chain Van der Veen and Robben (1997) defined supply chain as the network of organizations that are linked through upstream and downstream activities that produce value in the form of goods and services in the hands of the ultimate customer. Supply Chain can also be viewed as set of organizations directly linked by one or more of the upstream and downstream flows of goods, services, finances, materials and information from a source to a customer. 2.2.2. Supply Chain Management Supply chain management has received substantial attention from researchers and practitioners, yet in many companies management is struggling to implement supply chain processes within their firms and across the supply chain. Supply Chain Management is the management of a network of activities that processed raw materials, transforms them into work in progress goods and then to finished goods, and delivers the goods and services to customers through a distribution system. It covers procurement, manufacturing and distribution. Lee Billington (1995) maintained that maximization of the overall performance of the chain and also adding value at reduce cost is the main objective of supply chain management. In other words, it aims to increase productivity in the supply chain and benefits deliver to all stakeholders and also linked them to work together within the organization (Finch, 2006). According to Mentzer et al. (2001) the management of supply chain is also known as supply chain management. In addition, Lambert (2006) pointed out that SCM deals with a network of businesses and relationships; both intra- and inter- organizational integration and management. Since 1980s the adoption of Supply chain management practices in organizations has gradually risen. A number of definitions have been proposed and the concept discussed at many areas of study. Cousins et al. (2006); Sachan and Datta (2005) and Storey et al. (2006) provided an excellent evaluation on supply chain management literature. These papers determine the concept, principles, nature, and major developments of SCM and also highlighted wider research being done on Supply Chain management. They also critically assessed and analyzed major changes in the theory and practice of supply chain management. 2.3 Stock Management in the Supply Chain Inventory management is about optimizing the balance between the costs of supply, cost of production, costs of holding inventory and the need to provide the highest level of service that will exceed customers expectation(Hughes et al, 1998). Stock management is therefore the set of policies and controls that monitor levels of stock and determines the levels to maintain, when to replenish stock and the size of orders (Davies Heineke, 2005). In a broad context, stock or inventory could include equipments and inputs meant for further processes in the form of raw materials, components at interim stages of the process, such as semi-finished goods or work-in-progress; and outputs such as parts, components and finished goods (Davies and Heineke, 2005). Towill (2003) posit that inventory management acts as a major component of any supply chain irrespective of whether it is a product or service supply chain. Inventory management plays an important role in matching demand and supply w ithin the entire supply chain, ultimately providing flexibility in coping with external and internal events of the todays uncertain, globalized business environment. According to Storey (2006), the 17th annual state of logistics report of the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals stated that, huge amount of cost is recorded as the cost of holding inventory in United States economy. It is evident that this truth is applicable to many other countries of the world especially in the manufacturing sector. In situations where all the partners in a supply chain manage inventory effectively and efficiently, this will be resulted with less interruptions in production process, reduction in storage cost, product availability and many other organization specific quantitative and qualitative benefits leading to the organizational performance. Grablowsky (2005) asserted that the world has been moved towards integrated and collaborative approach to inventory management within the supply chain rather than isolated approach to manage inventory. In previous research studies like Hari (2004), it was found out that most of the inventory managers tend to take inventory management decisions based on intuition due to lack of the professional expertise in the field, no proper analysis of inventory data, human bias by the senior managers that result with use of rule of thumb, no user involvement in inventory management systems, inventory decisions are not integrated with strategic needs of the organizations, and ultimately result with no proper inventory management practices with an organization. Proper inventory management practices are really important for fast moving manufacturing products such as gold, copper, alcoholic and non alcoholic drinks. Reasons for Keeping Stocks and Inventories. All organizations keep inventories in smaller or larger scale. They exist to smooth out gaps in the rate or timing of demand and supply. Only if the supply of products occurred exactly when they are demanded, products would never be stored. With high inventory level, many companies may also encounter problems in operations; defective deliveries, poor floor layout, untrained operators, off-standards, re-work, down times, inaccurate quantities etc. Or high stock levels can be consequences of these problems. Either way, these unexposed problems cause wastes; increase costs and prevent smooth output of operations. Waters (2002) identified and summarized the benefits of stock management as; economies of purchasing, economies of production, optimize customer service, transportation savings, hedge against future (Price fluctuation, quantity discounts), hedge against unforeseen contingencies (labor unrests, natural disasters, surges in demand, etc.) and to maintain independence of the s upply chain. 2.5 Types of Stock/Inventory Holdings To increase efficiency and responsiveness this research analyzes the main types of inventory and the way these can be classified (Chopra, 2007). 2.5.1 Cycle Inventory Represents the inventory used to fulfill the demand in the period between two deliveries of the suppliers. The size of the current inventory is the result of the production, the transportation or of the acquirement of the merchandise in large lots. The companies make or acquire large lots to exploit the economies of scale in production, transportation or the purchasing process. With the increase of the lot, the expedition costs grow too. (Chopra, 2007) 2.5.2 Safety Inventory Safety inventory is the inventory that needs to be held in the case the demand overflows the expectations or the supplier does not deliver the merchandise in time. If everything were predictable then current inventory would be enough. Because the demand is uncertain and it could overflow expectation, firms keep a safety inventory so they would be able to satisfy a high but unexpected demand. Managers are faced with a key decision as to what they must establish as the size of the safety inventory. If the safety inventory is too large then the merchandise wont sell and they will have to sell it for a lower price after the season is closed. If the firm has a small safety inventory then the firm will have smaller sales. Therefore, deciding for a certain size of the safety inventory implies a link between the cost of owning too much in a safety inventory and the cost of decreasing the sales because of an insignificant safety inventory. 2.5.3 Seasonal Inventory Seasonal inventory is used in case the demand has predictable variations. Companies create inventory in periods when demand is low and they deposit merchandise for the periods when they wont be able to produce a sufficient quantity to satisfy the demand. Managers face the key decisions when they have to decide whether they have to form a seasonal inventory and if they do decide to create it, they must decide on its size. If a company can easily change the rate of the production system at a very low cost then they must not need a seasonal inventory, because the production system can adapt itself for a period when the demand reaches high values without implying high costs. Anyway, if changing the production rate is expensive (for example, when employees must be fired or hired) then a company must establish an appropriate rate of production and they must form an inventory when the demand is low. So, the main problem for the supplying chains managers who form a seasonal inventory is the cost of it in comparison with the cost of having a flexible rate of production. 2.5.4 The Service Level The service level is a part of the demand satisfied in time by the products in the inventory. A high level of the availability of the products creates a high level of responsibility implying at the same time a growth of the cost because lots of inventory are formed but rarely used. In opposition, at a low level of product availability, the inventory cost is lower but it is possible that a client is not served on time. Traditional supply chain metrics focus on efficiency and productivity (Cohen and Roussel, 2005). Improvements in service levels, costs and inventory levels are the desired outcome of an operations strategy and are measured accordingly. A more strategic perspective looks at these measures as enablers of business objectives such as growth within a specific segment or market, accelerated product development, or immediate product availability. When aligned with key business objectives in the supply chain, service level becomes an added source of competitive advantage. 2.6 Stock Management and Corporate Profit Inventory Management system provides adequate information to properly manage the flow of goods, proper utilization of people and equipment, coordination of internal processes and communicate with customers. Inventory Management does not only make decisions or manage operations but provides adequate information to supply chain management personnel who make more timely and accurate important decisions to manage and maximize their operations. A successful business organization depends upon many factors, one of which is an effective inventory management system. Effective inventory management consists of effective record-keeping to shipping and timely receipt of goods on time. An effective Inventory management can keep the supply chain of organization running smoothly and efficiently. Inventory management problems can affect an organization profitability and customer service. They can cost an organization more money and can lead to excess inventory or overstocking that is difficult t o dispose. A work done by Roman (1999) on the effect of stocks and inventory management on Dells corporate profit indicated that average profit has increased between 19.5 to 25 percent per month. This came about as a result of the fact that Dell carries very little inventory and the whole organization concentrates on increasing manufacturing and delivery process of components and products through its supply chain. Dell delivers new products to market faster than its competitors by dealing directly with the customer thereby eliminating middlemen. However, studies done by Richardson (1995) documented that lack of efficient inventory management has led organizations incurring a total inventory carrying costs between 25 to 55 percent of cost of entire production cost. He identified that most of the problems are usually due to improper inventory processes and out-of-date systems. There are a number of problems that caused serious problems with inventory management. He identified so me Common Challenges faced by organizations in Inventory Management are: Lack of qualified Supply chain employees. Some organizations do not put qualified supply chain personnel in charge of their inventory systems and they do not have experience, apathy in their job, or dont have training on logistics and supply chain management. The processes used are not wide enough and do not cover all the aspects and activities in the company. A flawed and unrealistic business plan. To be able to forecast future performance of an organization depends upon accurate and reliable data, and to be able to analyze them accurately. This affects inventory management process because inaccurate data or information may lead to overstocking or under stocking of inventory. Failure on the part of a supervisor in charge of inventory management to check stock in his custody on regular basis and ensuring that there is availability of stock. Identifying shortages ahead of time is an important factor in achieving Customer Satisfaction. Logistic problems and weak points can affect timely delivery of goods and services. This means that if orders for outgoing shipments are not handled in an efficient manner, they can cause delays in the delivery of the products. Falling victim to the bullwhip effect. This means an organization may react disproportionate to new information in the business environment. When demand changes in the market, an organization may panic and overstock inventory, thinking that the changes in demand in the market will move the stock. Too much expired stock in inventory. Expired stock is goods or materials in inventory whose potency or efficacy to be sold at the normal price has expired or yet to be expired. This usually occurs in grocery and drug stores. As a particular food product or drug nears its expiration date, the organization may discount the item in order to dispose it quickly before it expires. Excessive inventory and the inability to disp ose it promptly. This is one of the challenges facing most organizations. Cash inflow comes from disposing inventory quickly. If an organization procures goods for their inventory and do not dispose them quickly or on time, the organization ends up losing money. Inaccurate computer information of inventory items for production or sale. There are always associated costs like loss of goodwill, if customer goes to a warehouse of an organization or supermarket to order or procure and item found out system stock do not match the physical stock. Inaccurate inventory records can easily result in loss of resources; reduce customer expectation and service level. Inventory management systems are too complicated. Many supply management software programs are available for organization and most of them are not user friendly. Some of the organizations do not have the resources for the procurement of the inventory management software, payment of yearly renewals and training of personnel. 2.7 Inventory Costs Historically organizations used to carry high inventory and which they view as sign of wealth (Waters, 2003). However this attitude has changed many years ago and companies have found it necessary to manage their inventory efficiently and effectively in the dynamic business environment. The drive to reduce cost in order to stay in business has led to companies using new method of inventory which has considerably reduced stock levels and costs. According to Monczka et al (2010) excess stock ties up capital which an organization could use more productively elsewhere. And the drawback of holding excess stock is the effect it has on the organization working capital and the inventory costs. Monczka et al (2010) identified and elaborated the main factors comprising the total cost of holding inventory which include: Cost of the items (Purchase cost or material cost),Ordering Cost (Processing of order and delivery of materials) , Cost of holding Inventory ( Taxes, Opportunity cost s, Insurance costs, Space costs and Inventory service costs), Stock out Costs (Lost sales cost and Back-order cost) 2.7.1 Cost of the items This is the total cost of acquiring an item from supplier, and production cost of item manufactured in house. Production cost is difficult to calculate as it has to cover direct material used to make the item namely Labour, overheads and opportunity costs ( Monczka et al,2010 ). 2.7.2 Ordering Cost According to Monczka et al (2010), ordering costs covers all costs associated with the release of an order and accepting delivery of the items. They include all the cost of generating and sending an order or transmitting an order electronically to suppliers, transport, receipt inspection and quality checks. Monczka et al (2010 ) further emphasized that if an organization manufactures an item in-house the preparation and equipment costs may be the ordering cost. 2.7.3 Cost of holding Inventory This covers all costs for holding and storing materials and Monczka et al (2010 )summarized them in three main components namely Financial cost , Storage cost, and maintenance cost Financial cost This is mainly for capital tied up, but also the opportunity cost. This may also include taxes and various other charges on the amount of stock held (Monczka et al 2010). Storage Cost This consist of all cost associated with providing storage for material, providing a warehouse (both internal and external), racking and administration systems (Monczka et al 2010). Other costs may include communication costs, operational costs, consumables and utilities, wages and salaries of supply chain personnel involved in warehouse operations. (Christopher, 2005). Maintenance Costs This involves costs associated in right conditions, stock checks, obsolescence, deterioration, spillages, damage and loss (Monczka et al 2010). 2.7.4 Stock out Costs These are costs of not having an item available which is needed for production and consumption. Another important function of inventory is to avoid shortages and stock outs. If an item is repeatedly out of stock, customers are likely to go elsewhere which will affect the organization reputation and reliability (Monczka et al 2010). In this view organizations are willing to incur the cost of holding stock to avoid higher cost of shortages (Waters, 2003). 2.8 Models for Inventory Management Inventory management models helps allocate time and resources in inventory management on one hand and classification system to deal with multiple product line and magnitude of stock keeping unit on another hand. Therefore, Hanna (2002) has identified four models for inventory management in the supply chain. These models will be discussed and will provide background information concerning inventory management. 2.8.1 Just In Time (JIT) As part of the inventory management principle JIT is not a technique, it is a stock management philosophy (Giunipero and Law, 1990), that eliminates waste in the supply chain by producing and delivering the required product quality at the time and the place needed (Manoochehri, 1984). A JIT system aims at bringing certainty and smoothness to the flow of materials across organizational boundaries and therefore requires the full support of supply chain members (Daugherty et al, 1994). A JIT approach to supply and distribution develops a network of quality assured supply partners working towards making the entire network competitive (DTI, 1995), as a result, logistics systems are characterized by closer relations with suppliers and better forecasting techniques based on consumer demand (DTI, 1995). 2.8.2 Economic Order Quantity One of the challenges most organizations and manufacturers faces is to determine what quantity of a given item to order when ordering supplies. A great deal of literature has dealt with this problem. Many formulas and algorithms have been created, of these the simplest formula is the most used: The economic order quantity (EOQ) or Lot Size formula as analyzed by Cargal (2000). The purpose of using EOQ is to determine the order quantity that balances the order cost and the holding costs in order to minimize total costs of holding stock. This is the most common approach to deciding when stock needs to be ordered. 2.8.3 Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) The assumption of EPQ model is the instant receipt of stock, thus the whole order is delivered in one batch at a certain time. In many cases, however, an organization may build up its inventory steadily over a period of time. For example, an organization may receive consignments from their suppliers within a certain period of time (Ferber and Les 2003). In a production process, there will be a setup cost instead of having an ordering cost. Both costs are independent of the size of the order and the size of the production run. This set up cost is the cost of setting up the manufacturing facility to manufacture the desired good. It usually comprise of costs associated with engineering and design which make the setup, and the other costs involve include paperwork, supplies, utilities, salaries and wages of employees. The same factors are used to compose carrying cost per unit and the EOQ model, although the computation of the annual carrying cost changes. In EPQ model also occur s when the total setup cost equals the total carrying cost. One should note, however, that making the total setup cost equal to the total carrying cost does not always guarantee optimal solutions for models more complex than the EPQ model. 2.8.4 ABC Analysis: An Important Inventory Management Tool ABC analysis is an inventory classification technique in which goods are classified according to the value generated in annual sales ( Fuerst ,1981). ABC is method of inventory that divide stock items into different categories namely A, B and C based on the value of the item or the quantity held or turned over a period of time .It is the most common and widely used classification model for inventory control (Kilgour et al,2006) According to Onwubolu and Dube (2006) when ABC analysis is applied to inventory situation it determines the importance of items and the level of control placed on them. According to Bloomberg et al (2002) inventory classification allocate resources in th e inventory management and allow organization to deal with multiple product line and multitude of stock The segregation of items based on ABC analysis enables the organization to segregate its inventory into significant categories. A Category items are about 10% of total number of items, but carries 70% of value of an inventory or whatever importance the organization is using ( Kumar 2010). According to Baily (1987) the inventory policy for A items is to order once a month unless it is possible to cover them by contract for several months supply with monthly, or weekly or even in the case of high volume items deliveries are done daily. The items deserve close attention and effective monitoring by inventory managers in organisations . B Category items generally represent about 20% of total number of items and about 20% of the value. According to Baily (1987) the inventory policy for B items is to order four times in a year. The items can managed with a formal inventory sy stem like EOQ Model. C Category items are often around 70% of total number of items but carries only 5% of the value (Kumar 2010). The inventory control policy is to order C items once a year (Baily, 1987) Relaxed inventory process can be used for these items by organizations. 2.9 Inventory Management in the Mining Companies. A good number of studies have been carried out in this area (Parunak, 1999). However, as far as the mining industry is concerned, the literature on this subject is inadequate. But in recent years the mounting accumulation of inventories in public and private mining companies made them to realize the importance of the inventory management. For mining companies, inventory management includes a companys activities to acquire, dispose, and control of inventories that are necessary for the attainment of a companys objectives. The management of inventories concerns the flow to, within, and from the company and the balance between shortages and excesses in an uncertain environment (Tersin, 1988). In relation to mining companies, McPharson (1987) stated ,inventory management systems are designed to obtain concise and accurate information for control and planning of planned goods, issues, cuts, projections, raw materials and semi-finished goods basically for export. Inventory manageme nt has been a concern for practitioners especially in the mining industry, in that overall investment in inventory accounts for relatively large part of the companys assets. In the mining sector, inventory may account for 40 to 60% of total assets (Tersin, 1988; Verwijmeren et al, 2009). Inventories tie up money, and the success or failure in inventory management impacts a companys financial status. Having too much inventory can be as problematic as having too little inventory. Too much inventory requires unnecessary costs related to issues of storage, markdowns and obsolescence, while too little results in stock outs or disrupted production. Besides, long-run production associated with a high level of inventory conceals production problems (e.g., quality), which can damage a companys long term performance (Vergin, 2006). Therefore in the mining sector, the primary goal of inventory management has been to maximize a companys profitability by minimizing the cost tied up with inven tory and at the same time meeting the production requirements (Lambert, Stock, and Ellram, 2004). Traditionally, for mining companies, inventories cause conflicts between functional units within a company. For example, within a company, purchasing, production, and marketing people want to build a high level of inventory for raw material cost reduction, efficient production run, and suppliers service level, while warehousing and finance people want to reduce the inventory level for storage space and economic reasons (Tersine, 2003). As global competition between suppliers in the open markets has increased, power has been shifted from suppliers to customers (Verwijmere, 2008). 2.9.1 Storage, Distribution and Disposal Management Since materials stored is equivalent to cash and forms a major part of the total product cost, it is essential that the material should be properly accounted for and safe guarded in an efficient and organized store. With a judicious and proper control of management of stores, one can minimize the losses due to the obsolescence, pilferage, excess storing, etc (Lambert, Stock, and Ellram, 2004). Preservation of items in the space provided in the stores is of great importance because floor space accommodation is a costly issue. Keeping of items at various places in stores, particularly the slow-moving and non-moving items is a crucial concern. But this is often given least importance in the mining industry (Ariba, 2004). To have an effective storage programme, factors such as nature of the item, codification of the item, the expected idleness, economic value of the item and the need for protection should be taken care of. To identify the item in an easy way on the shelves and ra cks, it is necessary to have good lighting (Ariba, 2004). The stores section which is a part of commercial department in the selected mining companies has to maintain good relationship with branches of its own other departments in the organization. The stores and purchase sections functions are complimentary and close cooperation between these two sections will result in better standardization, codification, value analysis, variety reduction, inventory control, salvage, disposal of obsolete and materials. Even in the absence of integrated materials management in mining companies, the stores and purchase sections have close cooperation and co-ordination (Stone, 2000). The stores section is responsible for the issue of materials to various departments and sections in the mining companies. Basing on the bill of materials, work order, material requisition notes, the stores personnel need to issue the material as prescribed in the authorized documents as mentioned above. While deli vering the quantities of material, the personnel in stores section, enter an entry in the books of stores and also an entry has to be made in electronic data processing (Niak, 2004). The store is expected to maintain documents like bin card, codex, obsolete items, rejected items, suppliers index, indents and bills of materials. Even after the computerization of the stores section, the selected shipyard companies are depending mostly on manual documents because one cannot rely on the information given since inexperienced people work in the EDP (Electronic Data Processing) section. For this, the selected shipyard companies should arrange for training in the area of material information system of EDP people and thereby minimize the expenses of maintaining both (Gofin, 2004). Surplus, obsolete and metallic items management assumed tremendous importance in the materials management activities. Surplus originates from three sources namely scrap, obsolete materials and damaged equi pment. Holding these items is costly to the organization. These costs include carrying charges, cost of maintaining the records, loss of the use of capital held up in inventories. In view of this, special efforts need to be made to avoid keeping them (Jawade, 2009). 2.9.2 Critical Evaluation of Inventory Practices in the mining sector Inventory management is an integral part of materials management and plays a key role in the smooth and uninterrupted running of the mining industry. To have higher operational efficiency and profitability of an organization, reduction of the capital locked up in inventories is very much essential. The same will help in improving the liquidity position of the enterprise. As inventories involve locking up of capital, proper care must be given in dealing with the problem of inventory management. The sum of the value of the raw materials, fuels and lubricants, consumables spare parts, processing material and finished products are called as inventory (Richard, 1998). The basic objectives of inventory management in the mining companies would be to keep down capital investment at a minimum level in inventories without endangering the process of extracting mineral, to minimize the idle time of men, machinery and capital caused by shortage of various kinds of materials, to reduce the co sts in maintaining the inventory and to minimize the losses of obsolescence. Inventories account for a major portion of working capital of a mining unit. The predominant position in the total working capital obviously warrants for their maximum efficiency. Thus, inventory management in mining sector aim at balancing between too much inventory and too less inventory. A firm cannot afford either excessive or shortage of inventory. To achieve higher degree of operational results, it is inevitable to maintain effective control and management of inventories (Richard, 1998). The structure of inventory of the mining sector undertakings can be studied by classifying their total inventory into five categories: Raw materials, goods in process, finished goods, stores and spares and miscellaneous items. The structure of inventory can be analyzed in two ways. First, the share of each component of inventory is in relation to aggregate inventory. Secondly, appropriate indicators about adequacy or inadequacy of each type of inventory may be developed and applied to capital positions obtained in mining sector enterprises.(Waller and Johnson, 2003) 2.10 Summary of Literature Various studies reviewed in the foregoing literature have revealed that efficient and effective stock management in a supply chain can play a vital role in cutting stock holding costs across the different stages of the supply chain, thus emphasizing the need of a general model for managing inventories within a supply chain. Studies document that the main reasons for holding stocks of inventories include economies of purchasing, economies of production, optimizing customer service, transportation savings, hedge against future, unforeseen contingences, etc. Holding stocks has it cost which include non-value added costs, opportunity cost, complacency, inventory deteriorate become obsolete, lost, stolen, etc. Models of stock control from the literature indicated that stock management does not necessary mean holding lower stock but ordering stock at a level where total cost of holding stock is minimized (Economic Order Quantity).